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    • 专利摘要:
    Synergistic compositions of chitosan. The present invention relates to a synergistic composition of chitosan and a plant extract with nematicidal activity for phytosanitary use in the treatment of infections caused by nematodes. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2616141A1
    申请号:ES201631565
    申请日:2016-12-09
    公开日:2017-06-09
    发明作者:Federico LOPEZ MOYA；Luis Vicente Lopez Llorca
    申请人:Universidad de Alicante；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    DESCRIPTION
    SYNERGIC COMPOSITIONS OF QUITOSANO Field of the invention
    The present invention falls within the general field of agriculture and in particular, it refers to synergistic compositions of chitosan with plant extracts for the control of phytopathogenic nematodes.
    State of the art
    Nematodes are one of the groups of organisms that cause the greatest number of economic losses in horticultural crops. The estimated annual crop losses due to parasitic nematodes of plants in world agricultural production are close to 11% and in absolute terms the annual economic losses are estimated at around 80 billion dollars (Agrios, GN 1991. Phytopathology. Editorial Limusa Mexico, pp. 678-681).
    Given the enormous problems presented by these organisms and the increasing increase in national and European restrictions on the use of antagonistic compounds for these organisms, there is a need to develop new molecules of natural origin to reduce the impact caused by these nematodes. For this, new molecules from plant extracts (“botanicals”) or originals from natural sources are proposed, such as chitosan.
    Chitosan is a compound of natural origin (derived from chitin) that is generated in living organisms by enzymatic deacetylation of chitin. Nowadays, chitosan is a compound with enormous potential that has allowed us to achieve important advances in different areas of knowledge, highlighting significantly in agriculture. Chitosan is also a compound that has great potential, due to its antimicrobial and antifungal activity in particular. This compound is characterized by destabilizing cell membranes in phytopathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum; Gaeumannomyces graminis; etc) (Palma-Guerrero, J., Lopez-Jimenez, JA, Perez-Bern, AJ, Huang, I.-C., Jansson , H.-B., Salinas, J., Villalafn, J., Read ND, Lopez Llorca, LV (2010). Membrane fluidity determinates sensitivity of filamentous fungi to chitosan. Molecular Microbiology 75 (4), pp. 1021-1032 ) is capable of causing a significant increase in reactive oxygen species in fungi exposed to chitosan, causing death (Lopez-Moya F, Maria F. Colom-Valiente, Pascual Martinez-Peinado, Jesus E. Martinez-Lopez, Eduardo Puelles , Jose M. Sempere-Ortells and Luis V. Lopez-Llorca. (2015) Carbon and nitrogen limitation increase chitosan antifungal activity in Neurospora crassa and fungal human pathogens. Fungal Biology. 119 (2-3) 154-169). This feature has allowed
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    Consider chitosan as a natural product for the treatment of diseases in agriculture. Emerging in recent years some patents that refer to the use of chitosan in this regard, such as, for example, patent ES 2521990 describes the use of chitosan to increase the formation of appressors in Pochonia chlamydosporia and / or increase the pathogenicity of Pochonia chlamydosporia on Nematode eggs and to increase the colonization of plant roots by Pochonia chlamydosporia without affecting their development.
    And the patent ES 2574588, which describes the use of chitosan to increase sporulation of entomopathogenic fungi and nematophages.
    However, despite the recent use of chitosan in agriculture, it is still necessary to provide natural compositions based on this compound that are more effective at a lower amount of active substance, that have a more easy production and application form and of course, that they are not toxic neither for the crop in question, nor for the environment in general.
    Brief Description of the Invention
    The present invention solves the problems described in the state of the art since they provide a synergistic composition based on chitosan and plant extracts against phytopathogenic nematodes that cause serious losses in crops of enormous economic importance.
    Thus, in a first aspect, the present invention relates to a synergistic composition of chitosan and a plant extract with nematicidal activity (hereinafter, composition of the present invention) for use in the treatment of infections caused by nematodes.
    In a preferred embodiment, the nematodes are of the genus Meloidogyne, preferably, the nematodes are M. javanica and M. incoginata and of the genus Caenorhabditis, preferably C. elegans.
    In a particular embodiment, the plant extract with nematicidal activity of the composition of the present invention is selected from among the extract of tagetes (TAC)), gliricidia extract (GS), and artemisa extract (AJ))
    In a particular embodiment, the chitosan is in a concentration between 5-100 pg / ml. In a particular embodiment, the chitosan concentration is at least 50 pg / ml. In another particular embodiment, the chitosan concentration is
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    between 75-100 pg / ml.
    In a particular embodiment, the concentration of the extracts of tagetes (TAC), gliricidia (ExG) and artemisa (AJ) with nematicidal activity is in a 1/100 dilution.
    The extract of tagetes used in the present invention was obtained by perchloration with glycol, from whole plants of tagete (Tagete erecta) (green parts, and petals). The methodology for obtaining the extract of artemisa (AJ) and gliricidia (GS), was the same as that used for the extract of tagetes (TAC).
    In a particular embodiment, the chitosan and the nematicidal compound of the present invention are applied together. More particularly, the compounds of the synergistic composition of the present invention are applied simultaneously or sequentially. Regardless of the order of application of each compound.
    In a particular embodiment, the compounds of the present invention are applied in liquid form.
    Description of the figures
    Figure 1 shows the effect of chitosan on the mortality of C. elegans in its liquid application.
    Figure 2 shows the effect of taget extract (TAC) on the mortality of C. elegans in its liquid application.
    Figure 3 shows the synergistic effect of chitosan and taget extract (TAC).
    Figure 4 shows the effect of chitosan on the mortality of C. elegans in its liquid application. Evaluation in Eppendorf tubes.
    Figure 5 shows the effect of taget extract (CAT) on the mortality of C. elegans in its liquid application. Evaluation in Eppendorf tubes.
    Figure 6 shows the evaluation of the nematicidal effect of chitosan on nematodes of the M. incognita species.
    Figure 7 shows the evaluation of the nematicidal effect of the extract of gliricidia (GS) (1/100) and the chitosan on nematodes of the species M. incognita.
    Figure 8 shows the evaluation of the nematicidal effect of chitosan on nematodes of the M.incognita species.
    Figure 9 shows the evaluation of the nematicidal effect of the extract of tagetes (TAC)
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    (1/100) and chitosan on nematodes of the species M.incognita.
    Figure 10 shows the evaluation of the nematicidal effect of the extract of tagetes (TAC) (1/1000) and the chitosan on nematodes of the species M.incognita.
    Figure 11 shows the evaluation of the nematicidal effect of the extract of tagetes (TAC) (1/10000) and the chitosan on nematodes of the species M.incognita.
    Figure 12 shows the hatching of M.javanica eggs in contact for 3 days with chitosan.
    Figure 13 shows the hatching of M.javanica eggs in contact for 3 days with chitosan and artemisa extract (AJ) at a 1/100 dilution.
    Figure 14 shows the hatching of M.javanica eggs in contact for 3 days with chitosan and gliricidia extract (GS) at a 1/1000 dilution.
    Figure 15 shows the hatching of M.javanica eggs in contact for 3 days with chitosan and the extract of tagetes (TAC) at a 1/100 dilution.
    Figure 16 shows the measurement of the maximum air length of tomato plants infected with gill nematodes and treated with experimental formulations
    (Control + Nematodes (RKN); (AJ) + T8 + RKN; ExT + T8 + RKN; Nemagold + RKN; Oxamyl + RKN and T8 + RKN).
    Figure 17 shows the measurement of the air weight of tomato plants infected with galling nematodes and treated with the experimental Control + Nematode (RKN) formulations; (AJ) + T8 + RKN; ExT + T8 + RKN; Nemagold + RKN; Oxamyl + RKN and T8 + RKN).
    Figure 18 shows the measurement of the maximum root length of tomato plants infected with galling nematodes and treated with (AJ) s Control + Nematode (RKN) formulations; (AJ) + T8 + RKN; ExT + T8 + RKN; Nemagold + RKN; Oxamyl + RKN and T8 + RKN)
    Figure 19 shows the measurement of the maximum root weight of tomato plants infected with gill nematodes and treated with experimental formulations
    Control + Nematodes (RKN); (AJ) + T8 + RKN; ExT + T8 + RKN; Nemagold + RKN; Oxamyl + RKN and T8 + RKN.
    Figure 20 shows the severity values of tomato plants infected with galling nematodes and treated with the experimental formulations according to the gall index established by Bridge and Page (1980).
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    Figure 21 shows the final quantification of the number of tomatoes per treatment (Control + Nematodes (RKN); (AJ) + T8 + RKN; ExT + T8 + RKN; Nemagold + RKN; Oxamyl + RKN and T8 + RKN).
    Figure 22 shows the total weight of tomatoes per treatment at the end of the experiment, Control + Nematodes (RKN); (AJ) + T8 + RKN; ExT + T8 + RKN; Nemagold + RKN; Oxamyl + RKN and T8 + RKN).
    Figure 23 shows the temporal evolution in the number of tomatoes per treatment, Control + Nematodes (RKN); (AJ) + T8 + RKN; ExT + T8 + RKN; Nemagold + RKN; Oxamyl + RKN and T8 + RKN.
    Figure 24 shows the temporal evolution in the tomato prisoner by treatment (Control + Nematodes (RKN); (AJ) + T8 + RKN; ExT + T8 + RKN; Nemagold + RKN; Oxamyl + RKN and T8 + RKN).
    Detailed description of the invention
    Example 1: Synergistic effect of chitosan together with the compound extract of taget plants (TAC) on the mortality of C. elegans.
    To check the effect of chitosan (T8) on the C. elegans nematode, different chitosan compositions were prepared with a concentration between 0-100 pg / ml.
    As shown in Figure 1, a decrease in the survival percentage of the nematode with the chitosan concentration from a concentration of 10 pg / ml was observed until reaching a 32% reduction in survival with respect to the highest control Chitosan concentration tested.
    Next, the effect of the extract of tagetes (TAC) on the mortality of C. elegans in its application in liquid was checked. For this, different solutions of the extract of tagetes (TAC) (dilutions between 0-1 / 10000) were prepared. After evaluating the effectiveness of the extract (CAT) on C. elegans in liquid application, it was determined that the survival of the nematodes was significantly affected by the presence of the extract, observing a 40% decrease in survival. a 1/100 concentration thereof, which was maintained significantly with the dilutions of the product, becoming less effective at a higher dilution thereof (FIG. 2).
    Once the effect of each compound separately on C. elegans was checked, the effect of the two compounds combined was checked.
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    When we analyze the results of the joint application of the extract of tagetes (TAC) and chitosan, we observe (FIG. 3) a synergistic effect of chitosan and extract tagetes (TAC).
    With the highly diluted tagetes product (TAC) (1/100), synergism was observed between the tagetes extract (TAC) and the chitosan up to a concentration of 50 pg / ml, at said chitosan concentration, independent of the dilution of the tagetes extract ( TAC), reductions in survival with respect to control (without chitosan) of 50% or more were observed in some cases.
    These experiments were performed in multiwell plates and to confirm this effect, they were repeated in independent disposable tubes (Eppendorf type), especially to confirm the effect of chitosan on the survival of C. elegans that was repeated under these conditions (FIG. 4) . This graph shows results very similar to its equivalent in multiwell plates (FIG. 1).
    Again, the inhibitory effect of the tagetes extract (TAC) on the survival of C. elegans (FIG. 5) was repeated, with a maximum reduction in survival with the product of 20% being observed at a 1/100 dilution of said extract.
    Example 2: Effect of chitosan in combination with gliricidia plant extract (Gliricidia (GS)) in liquid application on M. incognita.
    Again, a reduction in the survival percentage of M. incognita due to chitosan was observed, which varied between 10 and 15% at 5 and 100 pg / ml, respectively Fig. 6). When gliricidia extract (GS) was used in combination with chitosan, it was observed, especially at 1/100 dilution (FIG. 7), a high synergistic effect dependent on the chitosan concentration between the two compounds. Reductions in survival were seen between almost 10% at 5 pg / ml and more than 20% at the maximum concentration (100 pg / ml) of this compound.
    Example 3: Evaluation of the nematicidal action of the extract of tagetes (TAC) in combination with the chitosan in liquid application on M. incognita.
    As in the two previous controls without plant extract, on this occasion (FIG 8), it was appreciated that chitosan at 50 and 100 pg / ml alone reduced the survival of M. incognita, by approximately 20%. As in the case of Gliricidia extract (GS), when the extract of tagetes (TAC) was combined with chitosan, a synergistic effect of the two compounds was observed in reducing the survival of M. incognita (FIG 9).
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    The greatest reductions in survival occurred at 75 and 100 pg / ml, between 40 and 50% respectively, with a clear synergistic effect between the extract of tagetes (TAC) and chitosan. Again, when diluting the plant extract, the effect described above was not appreciated (FIG 10 and 11).
    Example 4: Evaluation of the hatching of M. javanica eggs after being in contact with chitosan-based formulations and extracts of Artemis (AJ), Gliricidia (GS) and taget extract (TAC) from Atlantica Agricola.
    The tests to evaluate the hatching of M. javanica eggs were carried out using “tap water / tap tap water” since it is the ideal means to carry out this type of experiments (Greenway, 1970). Hatching experiments were evaluated at 24 and 72 hours.
    The evaluation of the hatching of M. javanica eggs in the presence of only chitosan, was significantly increased at higher concentrations of said compound, indicating a slight counterproductive effect on the hatching thereof in its application independently (FIG. 12 ).
    Evaluation of Artemis (AJ) and chitosan on the hatching of M. javanica eggs.
    In the trials, the combined effect of Artemis (AJ) and chitosan on the hatching of M. javanica eggs has been evaluated. In this study, differences were observed in egg hatching tests exposing them to extract concentrations (1/100) and increasing chitosan concentrations. An 18% reduction in hatching is observed in M. javanica eggs treated with Artemis (AJ) 1/100 and 100 pg / ml of chitosan, with respect to eggs treated with the same extract concentration, but without chitosan. Hatching was observed inversely proportional to chitosan concentration in the presence of a dilution of the extract to 1/100 (FIG. 13). Larger dilutions of this extract attenuate the nematicidal effect of both compounds acting together
    Evaluation of Tagetes (TAC) and chitosan on the hatching of M. javanica eggs.
    In this case, very significant differences were observed in the egg hatching tests exposing them to extract concentrations (1/100) and increasing chitosan concentrations. A reduction in total hatching (100% inhibition) was observed in M. javanica eggs treated with 1/100 tagete extract (TAC) and the entire range of chitosan concentrations. An inhibition of total hatching was observed in
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    presence of a dilution of the extract to 1/100 (FIG. 15). At higher dilutions of this extract a slight increase in hatching is observed when the two compounds (extract and chitosan) are applied together.
    The combination with chitosan of plant extracts Artemis (AJ), but especially Tagetes (TAC) produced a dramatic reduction in the hatching of M. javanica eggs. In the case of Tagetes (TAC) the combination of said compound diluted 1/100 with moderate and high concentrations of chitosan (50-100 pg / ml) completely inhibited the hatching of said nematode.
    In summary, the trials showed the following:
    - Chitosan in its application in liquid significantly increased the mortality of nematodes of the species Caenorhabditis elegans at concentrations greater than 10 pg / ml.
    - The extract Tagetes (TAC) in its application in liquid over populations of Caenorhabditis elegans increased the mortality of the larvae of this species directly proportional to the concentration of the extract.
    - Synergism was observed between the highly diluted Tagetes extract (TAC) (1/100) and the chitosan to a concentration of 50 pg / ml.
    - Chitosan applied independently (75-100 pg / ml) has some nematicidal activity on phytopathogenic nematodes of the Meloidogyne incognita species.
    - In combination with Artemis (AJ), chitosan reduced survival compared to control, especially in the concentration range between and 5-10 pg / ml of chitosan.
    - The combination of Gliricidia (GS) product, especially at 1/100 dilution, with chitosan, produced a high synergistic effect depending on the concentration of chitosan between the two compounds.
    - The Tagetes extract (TAC) in combination with the chitosan had a synergistic effect on the survival of M. incognita, were produced at 75 and 100 pg / ml, between 40 and 50% mortality on nematodes, respectively.
    - A synergistic effect of Artemis (AJ) and chitosan was determined, observing an 18% reduction in hatching in M. javanica eggs treated with Artemis (AJ) 1/100 and 100 pg / ml of chitosan.
    - Gliricidia (GS) and chitosan extract act synergistically, observing
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    10% reduction in hatching of M. javanica eggs at high chitosan concentrations.
    - The extract Tagetes (TAC) and chitosan suppress (100% reduction) the hatching of M. javanica eggs in the presence of low (50 pg / ml) chitosan concentrations.
    Example 5: Effect of the combination of chitosan with the extracts Artemis (AJ), Gliricidia (GS) and Tagetes (TAC), on phytopathogenic nematodes in tomato crops.
    To test the effect of the combinations of the present invention on tomato crops, a two-block experiment with random distribution was designed, in which 10 plants were used per treatment in 12-liter pots, using inert silica sand as a substrate.
    The treatments tested were the following:
    - control
    - nematodes (RKN): inoculation with J2 of M. javanica,
    - Extract of tagetes (TAC) + chitosan (T8): dilution 1/100 TAC + 100 gg / ml chitosan,
    - Artemis extract (AJ) + T8 dilution 1/100 (AJ) + 100 gg / ml chitosan,
    - Oxamilo
    - Nemagold
    - T8: 100 gg / ml chitosan.
    Three applications of the extracts were made in combination with chitosan. The plants were watered according to their needs and fertilization was carried out with NPK (10-52-20).
    Once the maturity of the crop was reached (4 months), the experiment was dismantled and the plants processed for the evaluation of the effect of experimental formulations on tomato development, as well as on nematode populations. The aerial and root part of the plants were separated and the following parameters were measured: fresh air weight, maximum air length, fresh root weight and maximum root length.
    Once the aerial part was processed, the tomatoes present in the plants were removed in order to obtain a quantification of the effect of the treatments on the production. Additionally, the roots were rinsed and washed in order to obtain said plant structure as clean as possible and thus be able to quantify its weight and length. Of the
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    In the same way, the severity of the infection caused by the grinding nematodes (M. javanica) was evaluated following the index of agglusions proposed by Bridge and Page in 1980. In order to avoid the shedding of egg masses from the root, these were washed in a container with water avoiding direct contact of a large flow of water that could lead to the loss of these masses.
    The severity of the infection caused by galling nematodes in tomato roots was estimated from the quantification of eggs from egg masses.
    In order to evaluate the evolution of the infection caused by galling nematodes, the quantification and count of nematode eggs of all the roots of each of the experimental treatments was carried out. For this quantification, the roots were fragmented into sections, these were placed in sodium hypochlorite (1%) for 5 min, after this time the root fragments, as well as the suspension of eggs were passed through sieves of different mesh sizes (100, 25 and 10 microns) to remove remnants of root and plant growth substrate. The samples were collected from the sieves with approximately 100 ml of distilled water. To quantify the number of eggs per root and for each of the treatments, the samples were shaken to achieve homogenization. Subsequently, subsamples were taken from each of the egg suspensions from independent roots. 3 alfcuotas of each of the samples were counted in order to obtain a sufficient number of measurements that would allow obtaining robust quantification values and that would reduce intra- and inter-sample variability.
    After carrying out and evaluating the effect of the experimental extracts on tomato plants, it was observed that none of the extracts had detrimental effects on the development of the plants, indicating the suitability of their use in greenhouse conditions. It was observed as all plants inoculated with nematodes (Control + Nematodes (RKN); artemisa extract (AJ) + T8 + RKN; tagete extract (TAC) + T8 + RKN; Nemagold + RKN; Oxamyl + RKN and T8 + RKN ) were larger than uninfected plants with nematodes (FIG. 16). It was observed in the results that the plants treated with chitosan only for the control of nematodes were those that reached an upper taya (> 2.5 meters). When evaluating another development parameter such as the weight of the aerial part, it was observed that the plants treated with oxamyl and chitosan (T8), presented a greater weight than the control plants (without nematodes; FIG. 17). These results confirmed that the application of both compounds promotes a greater development of the aerial part.
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    We also observe that none of the extracts affected the development of the root. It should be noted that the plants treated with Nemagold are those that have a greater length, said length being greater than those of the control (without nematodes) (FIG. 18). Additionally, it should be noted that taking into account the fresh root weight, the oxamyl stands out as the compound that has caused a greater amount of root per plant (FIG. 19). This fact would be due to the greater effectiveness shown by this compound to control nematodes and therefore lessen the condition of it by nematodes. All extracts showed greater root lengths than the control, this would indicate a good effectiveness against the nematodes.
    Evaluation of the effect of experimental treatments on the evolution of galling nematodes in tomato plants under greenhouse conditions.
    After conducting an evaluation of tomato roots infected with nematodes and treated with experimental formulations, we observe how plants treated with the chemical nematicide oxamyl have a lower nematode infection. The high effectiveness of this compound for the control of nematodes is proven, but its use is not advisable due to its high toxicity in mammals.
    Next, it is worth noting the effect of the combination of artemis extract (AJ) and chitosan, a galling index is observed one point lower than the control (FIG. 20), indicating a high effectiveness for nematode control. Next, the effect of the combination of the extract of tagetes (TAC) and chitosan is highlighted, obtaining a reduction in the condition by nematodes of 0.4 points with respect to the plants infected by nematodes and without treating with any experimental extract (Control + RKN) .
    After the quantification of nematodes in tomato roots after application of the different experimental products, it was observed that the treatment that was most effective was oxamyl. It was observed how this compound reduced the presence of nematode eggs in the roots of said treatment by more than 50%. Obtaining quantification values of eggs of 127,879 ± 8,957 eggs in the plants treated with oxamyl with respect to the control (inoculated only with nematodes and without application of any treatment) that reached values of 244,932 ± 17,500 eggs per plant. It is worth noting the effect of the artemisa (AJ) + T8 and tagetes (TAC) + T8 treatments, which led to a slight reduction in the number of nematode eggs per plant, reaching values of 223,284 ± 60,699 and 240,938 ± 11,138 eggs per root. These results indicated the effect that these compounds have for the control of nematodes in the applied doses.
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    Evaluation of the evolution in the production of tomatoes in plants infected with gill nematodes and treated with experimental formulations.
    After the quantification of the production of tomatoes in the plants treated with the different experimental products, a greater total production of tomatoes was observed in the plants treated with the experimental extracts artemisa (AJ) + T8, tagetes (TAC) + T8 and T8 (FIG . twenty-one). Reaching values of obtaining tomatoes significantly higher than the control (without infecting by nematodes). These results indicated a high compatibility of said experimental extracts for the increase of crop production and yield. Additionally, it was observed that plants treated with artemisa (AJ) + T8 and tagetes (TAC) + T8 had a greater total weight of tomatoes than the rest of treatments (FIG. 22), this fact would favor the use of these experimental formulations to improve and optimize fruiting in tomato cultivation.
    At the same time it was observed in a temporary study how there was a majority start in the production of tomatoes from the third month of the crop for all the treatments tested. Earlier production was obtained, although not very abundant in the treatments Control, artemisa (AJ) + T8 and tagetes (TAC) + T8 (FIG. 23). It should be noted that, although tomato production began 4 weeks later, a very significant yield in tomato production was obtained in the treatment with only T8 (chitosan) reaching production values in terms of the number of tomatoes higher than the control, indicating that this compound can act as a late inducer of fruiting.
    Regarding the evolution in weight of the tomatoes collected, it should be noted that the extracts tagetes (TAC) + T8 as well as artemisa (AJ) + T8, presented greater weight of tomatoes from the beginning of the experiment reaching values even higher than those of the control. These results indicated that these combinations were effective not only for the management and control of nematodes, but also for increasing the yield and productivity of tomato cultivation (FIG. 24).
    The greenhouse experiment presented a satisfactory evolution from the moment of transplantation until the complete maturity of the crop, with the following conclusions:
    Experimental plant extracts in combination with chitosan did not show any toxicity in adult tomato plants.
    All the plants infected with phytopathogenic nematodes and treated with the different experimental combinations showed an increase in the size of the same being seen
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    translated into an increase in parameters with fresh air weight and maximum root length.
    Plants infected with gill nematodes and treated with the product of Atlantica Agrfcola Nemagold presented larger roots than the control.
    5 After applying the criteria determined by the Bond index of Bridge and Page, it was determined that the oxamyl was the compound with the highest nematicidal activity of all those evaluated.
    The extract of Aartemisa (AJ) + T8 was the experimental formulation with better results showing values of affection by nematodes, according to mentioned index, 1 point less than 10 than the control.
    The plants treated with the nematicide oxamyl had fewer nematode eggs in their roots than the other experimental formulations.
    Extracts of artemisa (AJ) and tagetes (TAC) in combination with chitosan (T8) favored a reduction in the proliferation of phytopathogenic nematodes in the root 15, reducing the number of eggs present in the same with respect to the control.
    The experimental formulations tagetes (TAC) + T8, artemisa (AJ) + T8 and T8 favored the fruiting of tomatoes by increasing the number of fruits collected throughout the experiment (4 months).
    The formulations of extract of agetes (TAC) and extract of artemisa (AJ) in combination 20 with chitosan (T8) favored the development of tomatoes reaching weight values greater than the control.
    Extracts of artemisa (AJ) + T8 and tagetes (TAC) + T8 despite infection with nematodes obtain a fruit production similar to that observed in the control.
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1]

    1. Synergistic composition of chitosan and a plant extract with nematicidal activity for phytosanitary use in the treatment of infections caused by nematodes.
    [2]
    2. Synergistic composition for use according to claim 1, wherein the nematicidal plant extract is selected from among the extract of tagetes, the gliricidia extract or the artemisa extract.
    [3]
    3. Synergistic composition for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein chitosan is in a concentration between 5-100 pg / ml.
    [4]
    4. Synergistic composition for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the concentration of the nematicidal plant extract is in a 1/100 dilution.
    [5]
    5. Synergistic composition for use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the chitosan and the nematicidal plant extract is applied together.
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    WO2006060582A2|2004-11-30|2006-06-08|Redox Chemicals, Inc.|Nematicides from juglandaceae and methods of use thereof|
    CN103190451A|2013-04-07|2013-07-10|海南正业中农高科股份有限公司|Oligochitosan and plant source substance-containing agricultural composition and applications|
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